Forty-five peace processes and negotiations were detected around the world in 2023

According to the new edition of the report, an increase in the number of peace processes and negotiations analysed worldwide has been identified, six more than the previous year. Of these 45 peace processes and negotiations, 18 took place in Africa, 10 in Asia and the Pacific, 6 in Europe, 6 in the Americas and 5 in the Middle East. As in previous editions, Africa continues to be the continent with the highest number of negotiations recorded in the report. The United Nations was involved in 60% of these processes. 

If we follow the progression of the two previous years (37 processes in 2021 and 39 in 2022), the year 2023 experienced a sharp increase. However, the levels of 2018, with 49 cases, and 2019, with 50 cases, were not reached. It should be emphasised that at the same time, 2023 saw an increase in the number of conflicts and an intensification of violence in numerous crises such as Israel and Palestine and other high-intensity conflicts such as those in Sudan, Mali, Western Sahel, Democratic Republic of Congo, Somalia, Myanmar and Pakistan.

The vast majority of peace negotiations did not design specific participation mechanisms for women, nor did they take into account gender issues or the recognition of the rights of women and the LGTBIQ+ population. The actions focused on crucial topics of discussion in various peace processes, such as the search for truces, ceasefires and cessations of hostilities. This was the case in the Palestinian-Israeli context, where multiple diplomatic initiatives were activated as the weeks went by and alerts about the very serious humanitarian crisis and the commission of genocide in Gaza increased. 

During 2023 there were both advances and setbacks. As for the setbacks that occurred in the negotiations, we can highlight the cases of Mali, Sudan, South and North Korea, Armenia and Azerbaijan (Nagorno Karabakh), and the crisis in Gaza. Despite these setbacks and difficulties in numerous processes, there were also some scenarios in which there were rapprochements and advances, such as in Mozambique, in Casamance (Senegal), in Tigray (Ethiopia), in the Philippines with the NDF, MILF and MNLF groups, in southern Thailand and in Assam (India). 
 
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